In recent months, Kosovo has witnessed a wave of mass baptisms as ethnic Albanians convert to Catholicism. This “return movement” aims to revive a pre-Islamic identity and counter what supporters see as threats of religious extremism. Historically, Albanians were Catholic before the Ottoman Empire brought Islam to the Balkans in the 14th century. Today, Kosovo remains predominantly Muslim, with Catholics comprising only 1.75% of the population.
Father Fran Kolaj, a leading figure in the movement, asserts that Catholicism is intrinsic to Albanian identity. However, the initiative has sparked debate, with critics questioning its historical and political underpinnings.
History and Identity Drive the Movement
Activists see the return to Catholicism as a pathway to align Kosovo with Europe and its Christian heritage. Archaeological finds, such as a sixth-century Roman church, highlight Christianity’s historical presence in Kosovo. For proponents, reconnecting with this past represents a cultural and national renaissance.
However, critics, including historian Durim Abdullahu, warn against imposing modern political narratives on ancient history. Others fear the movement may be influenced by external actors, such as Serbia, to sow discord within Kosovo.
Religious Harmony at Risk
While the return movement has not triggered violence, online denunciations reflect underlying tensions. Kosovo’s grand mufti, Naim Ternava, has expressed concerns about the movement disrupting religious harmony. He urges Muslims to resist conversion and views the campaign as an attack on Islam, potentially fueled by foreign interests.
A Broader Political Context
Kosovo’s post-independence religious landscape has evolved amid concerns about Islamic extremism and foreign-funded mosque-building. The movement also reflects frustration with perceived threats to Kosovo’s secular traditions and aspirations to join the European Union.
Prime Minister Albin Kurti dismisses the importance of religion in defining Albanian identity, asserting that cultural survival transcends faith. Yet, many return movement activists who have lived in the West believe Catholicism offers a unifying national identity.
Source:
A Move Toward Christianity Stirs in a Muslim Land
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